Fastener



April 2, 1935. A. M. THOMSON FASTENER Filed Nov. 21, 1955 dlllllllll ATTORNEYS) Patented Aer. 2,1935... n 1,996,128

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,996,128 FASTENER Alfred Morris Thomson, East Orange, N. J., as-

signor` to Dardelet- Threadlock Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application November 21, 1933, Serial No. 698,950 9 Claims. (Cl. 85-2) This invention relates more particularly vto an cylindrical blank portion of the shank by rolling, expansible fastener of the type including a sleeve cutting or otherwise. Their crests protrude radiand a core for the sleeve having a head to exally beyond the crest of the screw thread. Adpand the leading end of the -sleeve into a rivet jacent the thread, the ends of the splines maybe head, by longitudinal movement of the core, after beveled as shown. The bolt hea'd has an in- 5 the leading end of the sleeve has been inserted wardly tapering frusto-conical base portion 'I and through a hole. a portion 8 having a circular peripheral face An important object of the invention is to' protapering outward slightly. Between the bolt vide a more secure fastener of said expansible head and the splines 6 the shank ymay form a.

10 type. short neck, as shown. l0

Other objects of the invention will appear herey The sleeve 2 has its periphery corrugated to inafter. form straight, parallel longitudinal splines 9 ex- In the drawing, Fig. l is a group view, showing tending the full length of the sleeve and uniformthe elements of the fastener prior to assembly; ly spaced entirely around the sleeve. Said splines Fig. 2 an enlarged fragmentary section on the and the grooves therebetween are substantially l5 line 2--2 of Fig. l; l V-shaped in cross section and of uniform depth.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view on the line The crests and roots of the splines lie on concen- 3-3 of Fig. l; tric cylinders. The splines may be rolled, cut

Fig. 4 a longitudinal sectional view of Vthe or otherwise formed onablank sleeve. The bore fastener, showing it forced through registering or passage in the sleevehas a medial portion I0 20 holes in parts to be joined, and prior to the formof smooth cylindrical form, and outwardly flaring ing of the rivet heads; end portions I I of frusto-conical form, the flare Fig. 5 a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the preferably extending clear to the crests of' the fastener tightened, with the rivet heads formed; splines at the ends of the latter. This gives the y Fig. 6 a view similarto Fig. 4 showing a modiends of the splines any internal bevel and also 25 fled form of the fastener; affords clearance for entrance of the bore of the Fig- 7 a view similar to Fig. 5, showing said nut and the base of the bolt head. The ends of fastener of modified form tightened; the sleeve may be slit at several points there- Fig. 8 a section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 5, or around, as at I2, to facilitate expansion of the l of Fig. 7; and sleeve ends. 30

Fig. 9 a view similar to Fig- 5 showing the nut The nut 3 has a tapered annular base or abutand bolt elements removed, to leave a fastener of ment portion I3 for expanding one of the sleeve eyelet form. ends. Said base portion is counter-bored at its Referring first to the form ,of the invention center to form a recess I4 of a diameter sufficient illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, the fastener to permit-entry of the adjacent ends of the bolt 35 includesabolt I, asleeve 2, and a nut 3. The bolt splines into the recess. The recess permits the forms a core for the sleeve, and the ends of the nut to be screwed fully home without obstruction sleeve and the bolt head and the nut are formed by the splines or by an imperfect end portion of to cooperate to expand the sleeve ends into rivet` the bolt thread.

heads. V'I'he shank of the bolt is formed to posi- The bolt thread 5 and the nut thread,'designat 40 tively lock in the sleeve against rotation, and the ed I5, are of the well-known Dardelet type of periphery of the sleeve is formed to positively lock screw threads disclosed in United Staf-tiesI Patent against rotation in a hole which receives it, as No.1,657,244. The crest of the nut thread and the Will be described more particularly hereinafter. root of the bolt thread slope inward and make an vv The shank of the bolt I has a head 4 at one angle of preferablysix 'degrees with the thread 45 end. Its opposite end is reduced in diameter and axis, this being within the angle of friction of the has a screw thread 5. Between the head and the metal or metals ofthe threads. yThe ribs of the screw thread the shank is corrugated to form threads are narrower than the grooves to permit straight, parallel, longitudinal ribs or splines 6. substantial relative crosswise displacement upon l Said splines and the grooves therebetween are screw-'tightening rotation of one thread on the 50 approximately -V-shaped in cross section and they other without axial advance. By saidfcrosswise preferablyextend from a point adjacent theybolt displacement the threads are interwedged, the head to a point at. or closely adjacent to the sloping crest surface of thenut .thread and the thread. They are uniformly spaced entirely sloping root surface of the bolt thread being. forced around the bolt shank and may be formed on a into mutual frictional, self-locking engagement. 55

The threads also have opposed, coacting abutment surfaces disposed at an abrupt angle to the thread axis to positively limit said crosswise displacement. Y

The diameter of the cylindrical portion I of the sleeve bore exceeds the maximum diameter of the threaded end of the bolt and is in extent intermediate the maximum and minimum diameters of the circular series of bolt splines 6. The maximum diameter of the bolt head is in extent intermediate the maximum and minimum diameters of the series of splines 9 around the periphery of the sleeve. `In the assembly of the fastener parts, the threaded end of the bolt is inserted freely into the bore of the sleeve and then the splined portion is driven through the reduced cylindrical portion of the bore, the sharp crests of the splines penevtrating the sleeve entirely around the bolt, as 20 the bolt head is brought to bear against the ad- Y jacent flared portion of the sleeve bore, but without expanding the end of the sleeve. The bolt is materially longer than the sleeve and most of the threaded end portion of the bolt protrudes from the sleeve. The nut is screwed on the bolt until its tapered base bears against the adjacent end'of the sleeve, but without expanding the latter.

The fastener, so assembled, is applied as follows: The bolt head is inserted into one of a pair' of registering holes in two parts P to be joined. Said holes should be of a diameter less than the maximum diameter of the splined portion of the bolt and approximately equal to the maximum diameterr of the bolt head. The tapering portion 8 ofthe head protrudes from the leading end of the sleeve to enter the holes in advance of the latter and accurately center the sleeve with respect to the holes. By either impact or ysustained pressure on the nut, the entire fastener is moved to force the sleeve through the holes. The portionsof the sleeve splines projecting radially beyond the bolt head penetrate the walls ofthe hole entirely around the sleeve,

as shown in Fig.'8. Thereby the sleeve is positively locked against rotation in the holes. The length of the sleeve will be such-in relation to the thickness of the parts P that when the sleeve is Vforced fully into place both ends of the sleeve will protrude to a depth as great as the depth of the iiare of the sleeve bore. When the sleeve is f in 'place the nut is screwed home causing the tapered base of the nut and the tapered base of 'the bolt head to expand the sleeve ends and form them into rivet heads by contraction of the nut and the bolt head toward each other.

In the final tightening rotation 'of the nut,

without Vaxial advance, the bolt and nut threads are interwedged, as Drviously described, to lock against accidental unscrewing. T he sleeve is positively locked against rotation in the holes and the bolt is positively locked against rotation in the.

, sleeve. vThereby the bolt is positively locked against rotation with relation? to the vparts Pl lThis enables the nut to be screwed on fully and security is obtained.,

Figs. '6 and 7 illustrate a fastener 'all essentials to the one just described except that it is designed to expand the leading end only of the sleeve into a rivet head. The opposite end of the sleeve is flat and the abutment face of the nut is flat and is adapted to bear against the sleeve end and against the adjacent joined part P. An advantage in this structure is that the joint may be opened by removing thenut from the bolt and driving the bolt and sleeve forward through the hole.

In structures Where light weight is a requirement the joint shown in Fig. may be readily converted into a simple eyelet form of joint by removing the nut and driving the bolt out of the sleeve. Such an eyelet joint is shown in Fig. 9. Only the headed sleeve of the fastener remains and the weight of the joint is therefore greatly reduced.

The sleeve will preferably be made of a metal slightly harder than that of the parts P, and the bolt will preferably be made of a metal slightly harder than that of the sleeve so that the sleeve splines will penetrate the metal of the Djoined parts and the bolt splines will penetrate the metal of the sleeve.

What I claim is:

1. A fastener comprising a. sleeve longitudinally corrugated on its periphery to bind in a hole and A lock the sleeve against rotation therein, the bore of the sleeve being flared at its ends, a bolt whose shank exceeds the sleeve in length and has a head of less diameter than the corrugated periphery of the sleeve and a reduced screw threaded end portion and an intermediate portion `'to form a core for the sleeve and the periphery of which is 1ongitudinally corrugated to lock the bolt in the sleeve against rotation, and a nutl for the threaded end of the bolt, said nut and said bolt head having tapered base portions to enter the flared ends of the sleeve bore and expand the sleeve ends to form rivet heads.

2. A fastener comprising a sleeve longitudinally corrugated on its periphery to bind in a hole and lock the sleeve against rotation, the bore of the sleeve being flared at one end, abolt whose shank exceeds the sleeve in length and has a head of less diameter than the corrugated periphery of the sleeve and a reduced screw threaded end portion and an intermediate portion to form a core for the sleeve and the periphery'of which is longitudinalw corrugated to lock the bolt in the sleeve against rotation, and a nut for the threaded end of the bolt, said bolt head having a tapered base portion to enter said ared end of the sleeve bore and expand the sleeve end to form a rivet head.

3. A fastener comprising a sleeve having a rough peripheral surface to bind in a hole and lock the sleeve against rotation therein, a bolt whose shank exceeds the sleeve in length and has a head and a reduced screw threaded end portion and an.

intermediate portion to form a core for the sleeve, means to positively lock the bolt against rotation in the sleeve, and a nut for the threaded end of the bolt, ther bolt head and the adjacent end of thesleeve being formed to cooperate to expand' peripheral surface to bind in a hole and lock the sleeve against rotation therein,'the bore of the sleeve being flared at one end, a bolt whose shank exceeds the sleeve in length and has a head and a reduced screw threaded end portion and -an intermediate portion toform a core for the sleeve and the peripheryl of which is roughtned to lock the bolt in the sleeve against rotation, and a nut for `the threaded end of the bolt, said bolt head having a tapered base portion to enter said ilared end of the sleeve bore and expand the sleeve end to form a rivet head.

5. A fastener comprising a sleeve having longitudinal splines arranged around its periphery and tapering toward their crests in cross section to bind .in a hole and'lock the sleeve against rotation therein, a bolt whose shank exceeds the sleeve in length and has a head and a reduced screw threaded end portion and an intermediate portion to form a core for the sleeve and the periphery of which has longitudinal splines therearound to lock the bolt in the sleeve against rotation, and a nut for the threaded end of the bolt, said bolt head being formed to expand one of the sleeve ends to form a rivet head when the nut is screwed home at the opposite end ofthe sleeve. 4

6. A fastener as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the screw thread on the bolt shank and the screw thread on the nut are self-locking threads which are crosswisely displaceable and frictionally interwedge upon tightening rotation of the nut without axial advance.

'7. A fastener comprising,v in combination, a sleeve for driving into a hole and having longitudinal splines arranged in a circular series around its periphery and tapering toward their crests in cross section to lock the sleeve against rotation in the hole, a portion of the bore of the sleeve flaring outward to said splines at the leading end of the sleeve, a bolt whose shank extends through the bore of the sleeve and has a reduced screw threaded end portion protrudirig from the opposite end of the sleeve, and a circular head protruding from the leading end of the sleeve and of amaximum diameter intermediate the maximum and minimum diameters of the circular series of splines at the leading end of the sleeve, to enter the hole in advance of the sleeve and center the latter with respect to the hole, means pcsi. tively locking the bolt against rotation in the sleeve and a nut for said screw threaded portion of the bolt shank, the bolt head having a tapered base portion to engage said iiared portion of the sleeve bore and expand the leading end of the sleeve into a rivet head.

8. A joint structure wherein opposed joined parts having registering holes are clamped by abolt and a nut, the shank of which bolt extends through said h'oles and is provided with a head at one end and with a screw threaded portion at its opposite end upon which threaded portion the nut is screwed, characterized in that a sleeve surrounds the bolt shank and extends through said holes and has its ends expanded into rivet heads by the bolt head and the nut, splines positively lock said sleeve against rotation in said holes, splines positively lock the bolt shank against rotation in the sleeve, and the screw threads of the bolt and nut have coactingroot and crest locking surfaces sloping slightly with reference tb the bolt axis and forced into mutual self-locking engagement to lock the nut against unscrewing.

9. A joint structure wherein opposed joined parts having registering holes are clamped by a bolt and a nut, the shank of which bolt extends ,through said holes and is provided with a head at one end and with a screw-threaded portion at its opposite end upon which threaded portion the nut is screwed, characterized in that a sleeve surrounds the bolt shank and extends through said holes and has one end expanded into a rivet head by the bolt head, means are provided positively ALFRED MORRIS THOMSON. 

